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Northern Ethiopia Crisis: Sexual and reproductive healthcare

Oleh Admin *️⃣ - February 06, 2022

PHOTO: IPPF/Isabel Corthier

In the Northern Ethiopian regions of Tigray, Amhara and Afar, an estimated 5.2 million people are in dire need of humanitarian assistance, and an estimated 3.5 million people from these regions have been displaced after more than a year of conflict, which began in November 2020. Among them are an estimated 118,000 pregnant women and 1.3 million women of reproductive age, with those figures set to grow with the ongoing crisis.

The dynamics of the conflict in northern Ethiopia remain complex and fluid, but one thing remains clear: at the heart of this crisis are millions of people in need, particularly women and girls.

Since July 2020, a government-imposed blockade of the Tigray region has prevented life-saving humanitarian aid from reaching the affected population. In addition to a food shortage that is pushing parts of the region into famine, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and civil society organisation (CSOs) are struggling to provide life-saving sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services to internally displaced and refugee women that have fled the violence into neighbouring regions and countries.

The International Planned Parenthood Federation’s local partner, the Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia (FGAE), has faced a critical shortage of SRH commodities and medical supplies due to the blockade. The fragile security situation has made it extremely difficult to deliver even the most basic of services. Between October and December 2021, FGAE was able to reach 450 internally displaced persons with SRH services and sexual and gender-based violence support, but many more women are still without access to other essential services such as counselling, contraception, safe abortion care, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including HIV, gynaecology and prenatal care.

Since the onset of the conflict, over 27,000 refugees have fled to neighbouring Djibouti while approximately 60,000 have arrived in Sudan. IPPF’s local partners, the Sudan Family Planning Association (SFPA) and the Association Djiboutienne pour l’Equilibre et la Promotion de la Famille (ADEPF) are on the ground in the Um Rakuba, Hamdayet and Tinidba refugee camps to deliver SRH services via mobile clinics. ADEPF is providing reproductive health awareness sessions and delivering the Minimal Initial Service Package (MISP) to provide crucial, lifesaving SRH services to refugee women and girls in need. Equally, the SFPA and its various national and international partners are providing basic SRH care for refugees and the host community population. But Sudan and Djibouti already have fragile health systems driven by years of economic and political instability. These systems have been stretched by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, further challenging their ability to cope with the arrival of high numbers of Ethiopian refugees.

Women and young girls are particularly vulnerable in conflict and displacement settings. According to the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), over 500 women in humanitarian and fragile settings around the world are estimated to die during pregnancy or childbirth every day. In the Tigray, Amhara and Afar regions of northern Ethiopia, many health centres have been damaged, destroyed or vandalized during the ongoing fighting, and they face a critical shortage of basic supplies and medicine. Eight FGAE clinics were damaged, and six vehicles looted resulting in a loss of $500k.This means that pregnant women are not able to deliver their babies in a safe and well-equipped facility, and access to contraceptive services and treatment for STIs are severely hindered. Many survivors of sexual and gender-based violence will not receive counselling or support services, which can lead to a rise in unwanted pregnancies and risks from unsafe abortion. Against this backdrop, it is clear that SRH funding and care must be scaled urgently.

Following the meeting of the High Level Global Compact on Refugees in December 2021, IPPF called for the prioritization and expansion of SRH services in humanitarian settings, with particular attention to the most vulnerable and marginalized communities, including displaced persons and refugees. UNFPA estimated that in 2019, out of nearly 132 million people in need of humanitarian aid and protection worldwide, 35 million women, girls and young people required sexual reproductive health and rights (SRHR) services and interventions to prevent SGBV and respond to the needs of survivors. These figures show that women’s health must be prioritised and further integrated into global humanitarian response programming.

Progress has been made already, with many state and federal humanitarian response strategies integrating SRH and recognising it as a crucial health service. But there is still a significant gap in funding. Often, IPPF’s local partners are amongst the few humanitarian actors providing SRH care to women and girls in global emergencies. SRH is a core humanitarian need, and in order to provide the most impactful services, humanitarian actors must fully understand and further integrate SRH and SGBV needs and services at every stage of planning, response and recovery, to ensure no one is left behind.

In responding to the sexual and reproductive health needs of women and girls affected by the conflict in Northern Ethiopia, international actors including governments, donors and international organizations can support in three key ways:

Provide safe abortion care in humanitarian settings: women living in humanitarian settings often have limited access to safe abortion and post abortion care. Abortion is still a taboo in many African countries and unsafe abortion is a major cause of maternal death globally. The laws and policies governing abortion vary across Ethiopia, Djibouti and Sudan. When access to safe abortion care is restricted, women often resort to dangerous procedures that may result in severe bleeding, infection, disability and death. IPPF and its local Member Associations are committed to promoting access to safe abortion care in humanitarian settings as part of their life-saving work for women and girls.
Champion local actors to lead the humanitarian response: Enhancing local and national capacity is essential for the effective delivery of SRH services. IPPF is a locally owned, globally connected civil society movement that supports local actors to lead the response on sexual and reproductive rights within their respective contexts. Localization facilitates smooth service delivery, and IPPF Member Associations that are deeply rooted in local communities often benefit from greater acceptance and access within conflict-affected communities. IPPF invests in the emergency preparedness of its local partners, by pre-positioning medicines and supplies as well as providing them with timely and direct funding so that they can quickly respond to a crisis.
Recognising and prioritising SGBV response and prevention as life-saving humanitarian activities: Refugee and internally displaced women are vulnerable to SGBV. Young girls who are out of school due to conflict are particularly at risk of such violence, including the 624,000 adolescent girls between the ages of 10-19 currently in the Tigray region. A recent UN report detailed the gruesome violent attacks and rape of Ethiopian women and girls caught in the conflict. SGBV survivors face further distress as many of the conflict-affected districts do not provide access to emergency medical treatment, let alone necessary psychosocial support and referrals and access to other services and providers. Another UN report suggests that healthcare workers in the Tigray region do not prioritise SGBV as a real threat to women and girls, despite the rise in incidents, particularly intimate partner violence. Through its local presence, IPPF ensures that services for SGBV survivors, including emergency medical care and urgent referrals to socio-legal actors, is prioritised in its humanitarian programming.

According to the Global Humanitarian Overview 2022, an estimated 22 million Ethiopians will continue to require humanitarian assistance this year. The need to empower local actors to meet the SRH needs of women and girls of reproductive age in this conflict is more acute than ever, and we as global citizens, governmental actors, local and international actors, must do our utmost to hear and respond to their urgent needs.

Julie Taft is the Humanitarian Director at the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF).

Navy Adds 2 Weeks to Boot Camp

Oleh Admin *️⃣ - January 08, 2022

Cadets prepare to march in formation at Recruit Training Command — A recruit chief petty officer does a mass count of his division as they prepare to march in formation at Recruit Training Command. (U.S. Navy photo by Seaman Apprentice Mikal Chapman)

7 Jan 2022

Military.com | By Konstantin Toropin

The Navy has announced that it is lengthening its basic training from eight to 10 weeks in an effort to provide sailors with more practical training as well as life skills and professional development.

Navy leaders said the change is the first major shake-up of the sea service's boot camp in 20 years.

"We are trying to give sailors some preventative maintenance ... giving them some tools that they can use to prepare themselves as individuals to be part of a warfighting team," Rear Adm. Jennifer Couture, commander of Naval Station Great Lakes, the Navy's sole basic training facility, told the press during a roundtable Friday.

Recruits will still spend eight weeks going through the typical phases of instruction that culminate with the "battle stations" capstone event. At the end of the 12-hour scenario, set on a 210-foot-long Arleigh Burke-class destroyer simulator, recruits are given a Navy ball cap that symbolizes their transition to full-fledged sailors.

With the latest change, however, sailors would not move on to graduation after the crucible event but rather stay with their training cohort for an extra two weeks and receive additional instruction -- albeit under less intense conditions.

"We're going to change the nature of the relationship between the instructors ... and these sailors, to more of a coaching and mentoring relationship where we can have in-depth conversations about what life is really like," Fleet Master Chief Wes Koshoffer said.

Koshoffer noted that "identity transformation in eight weeks is a lot to ask" and that the additional training time "shows our commitment to deliberately developing our sailors for success in the Navy."

Some of the additional training is also aimed at addressing problems with the culture of not just the Navy but the military overall.

Perennial issues such as sexual assault prevention, suicide prevention and healthy lifestyle topics will make up a "a big portion" of the new "Life Skills" curriculum, Couture explained.

She also noted that, while "the additional two-week timeline was not designed specifically with" extremism prevention in mind, the training will "model the behaviors that we want to contribute to the culture" of the Navy.

"What we're really focusing on here is taking recruits from many walks of life ... and introducing them to the concept of what it means to be a sailor and what is our level of expectation for how you act and how you treat each other," Couture said.

The extra training will also focus on topics like personal finance and "things that we need to teach them about some basic living on their own that they may not have gotten before they arrived here," Couture explained.

Navy leaders emphasized that the longer training time at Great Lakes will not impact the fleet or lead to a short-term shortage of new sailors.

"Some of this type of training we were doing at various locations all over the fleet. ... We've pulled that out of those training continuums, and we've pulled it back and connected it to boot camp," Koshoffer explained.

According to Couture and Koshoffer, the change was driven largely by feedback they received from commanders and leaders in the Navy.

"Our ships, submarines, aircraft and other fleet units have got a lot on their plate, and they do not have the time to do basic training," Couture explained.

The new program began for all recruits arriving on Jan. 3, 2022.

-- Konstantin Toropin can be reached at konstantin.toropin@military.com. Follow him on Twitter @ktoropin.

Quantico Rings Up $188 Million Bill for Afghan Refugees Housed in Tents

Oleh Admin *️⃣ - January 08, 2022

Sgt. Amanda Claro-Bevsek plays a game of soccer with the Afghan womens' soccer team at Fort Pickett, Virginia on Dec. 15, 2021. (U.S. Marine Corps photo by Lance Cpl. David Intriago)

7 Jan 2022

Military.com | By Travis Tritten

Thousands of Afghans briefly called Marine Corps Base Quantico in Virginia home after fleeing a Taliban takeover in August.

The last of those 3,755 refugees were resettled elsewhere in the U.S. just days before Christmas, leaving only an empty, impromptu village of tents and barracks rooms on the base -- and a $188 million bill for the Marine Corps and the Pentagon.

The cost of the housing effort reported this week by the Defense Department inspector general is a snapshot of Operation Allies Welcome, the mission of eight stateside bases to host 67,000 Afghan refugees airlifted out of Kabul at the end of August when the U.S. military ended all operations in Afghanistan after a 20-year war.

The U.S. embrace of Afghans was emotional, painful and uneven as service members and civilians grappled with the war's legacy, and many worried allies would be left behind to face Taliban retribution. But the financial cost is also set to soar into the billions of dollars, sparking political opposition on Capitol Hill.

Congress has already approved $13.3 billion for the resettlement effort, which includes money for the Pentagon as well as the State Department and Department of Homeland Security. But it repeatedly had to overcome Republican opposition.

The first half of the money was included in a stopgap budget measure in September to keep the government funded after challenges by Republicans who wanted to put restrictions on the refugee spending. The second installment of $7 billion was passed Dec. 3 in another stopgap bill.

"Now Democrats want another $7 billion for the Afghan resettlement process on top of the $6 billion they have already spent in the last three months. For reference, Oklahoma's total budget is $8.83 billion -- for a state of 4 million people," Sen. James Lankford, R-Okla., said in a statement when the funding legislation was passed in December.

Quantico had been reimbursed $138 million of its $188 million cost by the Defense Department by the time the last bill passed Congress and was signed by President Joe Biden, according to the DoD inspector general report.

Seven additional bases provided housing for the refugees following the Aug. 30 withdrawal from Afghanistan: Fort Lee and Fort Pickett, Virginia; Fort McCoy, Wisconsin; Fort Bliss, Texas; Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, New Jersey; Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico; and Camp Atterbury, Indiana.

Afghans are still staying at five of those bases, Maj. Meg Harper, media chief for U.S. Northern Command, wrote in an email Friday.

The DoD inspector general is planning to audit the department's entire housing effort, and the report this week is the first installment in a series.

The task force set up at Quantico included 924 DoD personnel, who had planned for a maximum of 5,000 refugees to move through the base on their way to permanent resettlement in communities across the U.S., according to the IG, which sent personnel to the base in September and followed up in December.

Afghans were moved into housing at Camp Upshur, an old officer candidate school used in the 1980s. The task force contracted for a second encampment of two massive tents, one capable of housing 2,000 refugees and the other, 1,000.

The "third encampment, named Pioneer City, consisted of 80 Marine Corps general purpose tents and was capable of housing 1,000 Afghan evacuees," the report found.

All the housing had electricity and internet services provided by a donated substation. The refugees who stayed there had four dining facilities that served three hot meals each day. Base civil affairs personnel and non-governmental organizations hosted Afghan-led classes on English, American culture, hygiene and women's health.

There were movie nights, dance nights, and soccer and volleyball tournaments.

The task force had three ambulances standing by and two landing zones for medical airlifts. Every day for the first month, it had to transport Afghans off base to civilian hospitals for medical emergencies, including pregnancies and a child's concussion.

About 150 Marines from 1st Battalion, 10th Marine Regiment, provided security to the Afghan refugee village at Quantico.

"Quantico had one major criminal security incident and it involved an Afghan evacuee committing what appeared to be an unlawful act with a child," the IG reported.

Security personnel quickly decided the incident violated U.S. law and turned the refugee over to the FBI.

-- Travis Tritten can be reached at travis.tritten@military.com. Follow him on Twitter @Travis_Tritten.

Army Officer Relieved of Command, Facing Discharge over Racist Social Media Posts

Oleh Admin *️⃣ - January 08, 2022

Staff Sgt. Christen Ross talks to a EOLC class about racism and what can be done to stop it from happening on Aug. 1, 2020 in Kuwait. (Andrew Winchell/U.S. Army National Guard)

7 Jan 2022

Military.com | By Steve Beynon and Konstantin Toropin

A lieutenant colonel in the Army Reserve was relieved of command in 2020 and is now facing removal from the force after he peddled racist opinions to his troops and peppered his social media accounts with a consistent flow of outlandish posts attacking public officials that his own lawyer described as racist, inflammatory and in poor taste.

Lt. Col. Michael Spillane, a medical officer with the 7207th Medical Support Group based out of Webster, New York, wrote a memo to soldiers under his command in June 2020, warning them of the "medical crisis created by China" and that "peaceful assemblies have turned into riots, looting, and shooting."

It was a memo full of typos and half truths laced with partisan wink and nod warnings about Democrats and minority-led protests amid a reckoning of racial justice, a highly atypical memo from an Army officer to his troops. Spillane's commander, Col. Jeffery Wood, later described the memo as offensive and inflammatory, in documents reviewed by Military.com.

"There is no reason to use such broad generalizations that can be taken as offensive," Wood wrote in a June 29, 2020, disciplinary statement for Spillane.

But it wasn't just Spillane's bizarre memo to his troops that led to a recent recommendation by a review board to remove him from service after a review of his conduct found him guilty of Article 133 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), Conduct Unbecoming an Officer and Gentleman. Troops are allowed to share political views, but regulations urge commentary to reflect "Army Values." The board also pointed to a waterfall of offensive memes posted to his Facebook account as justification to separate Spillane with a general discharge under honorable conditions. His discharge is awaiting final approval.

"Posting material on your personal social media that is clearly offensive is inconsistent with the Army Values and being a leader in the U.S. Army Reserve," Wood added into Spillane's record. "As we tell our newest soldiers, what you do in your civilian capacity reflects on your military position. You are in an especially sensitive position as a commander to affect your military position when you post or link offensive messages. Your soldiers are seeing these things and forming opinions about you."

While Spillane's lawyer, Sean Timmons, managing partner with Tully Rinckey's Houston office, agrees his client's posts are indeed offensive, the discharge status raises the stakes -- any status that isn't honorable can have dire consequences for a veteran. So-called "bad paper" discharges can exclude a veteran from benefits, mostly the GI Bill; hurt employment opportunities; and overall leave the veteran with a stigma that's difficult to shake off. Because of that, Timmons wants the Army to allow Spillane to leave with an honorable discharge.

In addition, Timmons argues that this is a First Amendment issue. Army regulations have vague guidance against posting obscene material on social media, and the UCMJ has rules against contempt toward public officials, including members of Congress. One Army legal official who spoke to Military.com on the condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to speak about the case said troops are allowed to make political statements and engage in the democratic system, but the spirit of military law aims to forbid reckless and offensive slander toward elected officials.

Another post that Spillane shared was an altered Cream of Wheat box cover that replaced the product name with the phrase "Cream of Nothing" and swapped out the now-removed smiling, African American chef's face with that of President Barack Obama.

The chef caricature was removed from Cream of Wheat boxes in the fall of 2020 after the maker of the hot cereal noted that many found the logo offensive. The image dates back to the turn of the last century and was originally a smiling Black man called Rastus -- a pejorative term for Black men and a frequent character in minstrel shows. More recently, the image was intended to depict Chicago chef Frank L. White – though, in announcing the image's removal from its branding, the company said that it understood that he still reminded many of the original racist logo.

"The posts were objectively sexist, bigoted and offensive," Timmons told Military.com. "The question is what jurisdiction does the military have over a reservist in his private capacity on his private Facebook, posting his private political opinions? Our legal research is there is no jurisdiction."

A spokesperson with the Army Reserve did not respond to a request for comment.

Multiple posts by Spillane appeared to be sympathetic to the Confederacy, the rebel group that waged a gruesome war against the U.S. mostly over the right to preserve slavery. One post shows an image of the Confederate flag, saying that "if this symbol represents racism in America, so do these" and lists logos for the Democratic Party, the BET media company, the NAACP and the Hispanic Scholarship Fund.

The post trashed efforts to support historically disadvantaged communities, peddling falsehoods from the far right that minorities get systemic advantages over white Americans, such as overabundant access to college scholarships through avenues like the Hispanic Scholarship Fund -- which grants mostly small scholarships to American citizens and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, or DACA, program recipients.

Another showed an image of Robert E. Lee with text, "Do not take a knee, take a stand! Support Saving out history and our nation," in an apparent reference to Colin Kaepernick, a former Black NFL quarterback who was a cultural lightning rod for rightwing pundits and lawmakers for kneeling during the national anthem at the start of football games, protesting racial inequality and police brutality.

Spillane also made numerous anti-Muslim posts. One saying, "77 years after Pearl Harbor, it still hurts. But, 19 years after 9/11, we are importing them in and they're writing our laws," an apparent reference freshman lawmakers Reps. Ilhan Omar, D-Minn., and Rashida Tlaib, D-Mich., both of whom are Muslim and have drawn the partisan and racially charged ire of rightwing media and some GOP lawmakers. Tlaib was born in Detroit, while Omar was born in Somalia and moved to the U.S. as a teenager after her family sought asylum from violence in the East African country.

Another post shows an image of white men in hard hats and a photo of a Muslim family, saying, "Men like this are forced to work until they're 70, because the government is bringing in more and more people like this."

It is unclear how many troops have faced consequences for conduct on social media, but Spillane may be one of the first soldiers to be booted from the force in the wake of the Pentagon's newly announced policies aimed at eliminating extremism in the ranks. The 21-page report announcing those policies, released Dec. 20, specifically noted that "military personnel are responsible for the content they publish on all personal and public Internet domains, including social media sites, blogs, websites, and applications."

When the policy was announced, Pentagon spokesman John Kirby noted that the newly prohibited behavior "wouldn't be something that the command or the department's going to be actively fishing for." The investigation on Spillane was initiated after soldiers in his unit reported his online conduct, and the Pentagon seemingly had no involvement in flagging his posts or the investigation, according to documents reviewed by Military.com.

A soldier, whose identity was withheld in documents obtained by Military.com, told investigators in the inquiry that led to Spillane's removal from command in 2020 that he circulated a memo to his troops dated June 24, 2020, telling them they can express themselves freely on social media when not on duty.

"We all have personal beliefs and feelings, that is one benefit living in a Free Country," Spillane wrote in the memo reviewed by Military.com. "As a member of the US Army Reserves we are Citizen Soldiers and unless we are are orders, we all have a right to express these views. However once you are on Orders regardless of beliefs, race, gender we all put on green and follow the rules and regulations set fourth by the Department of Defense."

Military.com is exactly reproducing those passages as written.

The soldier, whose statement to investigators suggested they are above Spillane in the chain of command, questioned him about his memo on June 30, 2020.

"LTC Spillane seemed to not grasp the idea that someone could take offense to his posts or that his position as a commander requires greater scrutiny and empathy," the soldier said. "Furthermore, he indicated to me that he plans to file an EO [equal opportunity] complaint as he believes that he is being discriminated against and stated that he finds the phrase 'Black Lives Matter' to be racist and he takes offense to seeing it on his soldiers' Facebook posts."

Some soldiers interviewed by investigators described Spillane as an effective commander who displayed no racist, sexist or otherwise offensive behavior in person, entirely different from his online persona.

"Everyone has their faults but as a commander, the expectations are higher of them," another soldier said to investigators. "LTC Spillane just needs a little guidance due to his awkward personality."

Others described him as a subpar leader. When one soldier was asked by investigators whether Spillane was effective, they simply replied, "No, not really."

Another soldier went on to paint a bleak picture of Spillane's leadership, saying he and someone identified as Cpt. Colon ordered them to drive 530 miles overnight or be counted as absent without leave, or AWOL, after the soldier requested to care for their dad who was going through prostate cancer treatment.

The soldier had to jump the chain of command, going to Spillane's superiors and a command sergeant major to get permission to stay with their sick dad.

"Honestly though, what type of leader orders their subordinates to drive 530 miles in one day, let alone overnight?"

Scrutiny of service member's social media content is not new. Early in 2021, the Pentagon said it was planning to examine posted content of personnel undergoing reviews for security clearances.

The training material released as part of that announcement noted that, while troops have First Amendment rights to speak freely and assemble peaceably, the military must still assess their character, honesty, discretion, judgment and trustworthiness when deciding whether they are reliable enough to have access to classified or sensitive information.

In 2019, a Marine lance corporal was booted from the service after his racist social media posts came to light. Lance Cpl. Mason Mead shared a photo of a swastika, a quote from a Nazi collaborator, and an image of himself in blackface. He also encouraged violence against women.

Another Marine, a reservist, was busted down to private that same year for sharing a photo on social media of Marines posing with their boots in the shape of a swastika.

While Spillane is looking at the end of his career after offensive posts, the military and particularly the National Guard have been slow to crack down on the force.

A National Guardsman who was part of the mob that rampaged through the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6 is still serving in Wisconsin despite having been sentenced by a federal court to probation and a fine for his actions. Fellow soldiers and his commander wrote letters of support ahead of his sentencing.

-- Steve Beynon can be reached at Steve.Beynon@military.com. Follow him on Twitter @StevenBeynon.

-- Konstantin Toropin can be reached at konstantin.toropin@military.com. Follow him on Twitter @ktoropin.

Military Headlines Army Army Reserve Relieved of Command Topics Social Media

Ethiopia: Tigray forces may seize Djibouti corridor- ICG expert warns

Oleh Admin *️⃣ - January 02, 2022

By Rédaction Africanews

Last updated: 01/01/2022

Tigrayan forces battling the Ethiopian government could be poised to seize the country's main trade route, the Djibouti corridor, a top expert on the conflict said Saturday.

Will Davison of the International Crisis Group said such a move would put significant economic pressure on the government in Addis Ababa.

"About I guess 10 days ago now they took control of Dessie and Kombolcha cities, two major Amhara cities, and that put them in another significant advance and that's about 400 km from Addis Ababa. And it looks like the Tigray leadership's next ambitions are either to try and take control of the Djibouti corridor, Ethiopia's main trade route. That would allow them to exert significant economic press" Will Davison, International Crisis Group expert on Ethiopia. His comments came after Tigray forces seized the key cities of Dessie and Kombolcha last week and linked up with another armed group, leading the government of Africa's second-most populous country to declare a national state of emergency.

Meanwhile the president of the Tigray region, Deb retsion Gebremichael, said his forces were aiming to "destroy" the government, either by negotiation or by force.

"By strangling Tigray, the government has denied Tigray access to food and medicine. It has denied the provision of other services too so that people die because of hunger and disease. In addition to that, it continued with its air bombing. Therefore, because the government is working on its project of decimating Tigray from the face of the earth, we had to destroy the enemy by moving our forces outside of Tigray to crash and break the siege. In the end, this enemy should be destroyed." The war has killed thousands of people since it erupted in November 2021. But with Tigrayan fighters advancing toward the capital, Ethiopia now stands at risk of collapse.

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Army Officer Relieved of Command, Facing Discharge over Racist Social Media Posts

Ethiopia: Tigray forces may seize Djibouti corridor- ICG expert warns

Navy Adds 2 Weeks to Boot Camp

Quantico Rings Up $188 Million Bill for Afghan Refugees Housed in Tents

Northern Ethiopia Crisis: Sexual and reproductive healthcare